Rendering in Next.js
Someone produced the HTML your browser receives; the real question is when. CSR, SSG, ISR, SSR and PPR in order, each with a diagram.
Blog
Notes on what I build and learn along the way.
How do networks work?
What actually happens when you type an address into the bar. DNS, IP, ports, NAT, routing, TCP and TLS in order, each with a command you can run on your own machine.
What Do We Actually Know About llms.txt?
What llms.txt is, who is using it, and what the data actually says about whether anything reads it.
Next.js 16 (Beta): What's New for Developers?
Turbopack as the default, React Compiler, new caching APIs and Cache Components: what changed in the Next.js 16 Beta, from a developer's point of view.
Caching in Next.js 15
Caching at the page, data, function and route handler level, then use cache, cacheLife and cacheTag. Next.js 15's caching model, explained with examples.
Sending Email in Next.js with Nodemailer and Server Actions
A free contact form with no extra API route: a Gmail app password, Nodemailer and a single Server Action, set up step by step.